Amabhethri esimo esiqinile awuhlobo lwebhethri elisebenzisa ama-electrode aqinile nama-electrolyte, ngokungafani noketshezi noma ama-electrolyte ejeli ye-polymer asetshenziswa kumabhethri endabuko e-lithium-ion. Anokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko.
Ingabe amabhethri esimo esiqinile asebenzisa i-lithium?
Yebo, manje amabhethri amaningi esimo esiqinile okwamanje asathuthukiswa asebenzisa i-lithium njengento eyinhloko.
Impela amabhethri e-Solid-state angasebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene njenge-electrolyte, kufaka phakathi i-lithium. Kodwa-ke, amabhethri esimo esiqinile angasebenzisa nezinye izinto ezifana nesodium, isulfure, noma izitsha zobumba njenge-electrolyte.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokusebenza, ukuphepha, izindleko, nokutholakala. Amabhethri e-lithium esimo esiqinile awubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo bokugcina amandla esizukulwaneni esilandelayo ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe.
Asebenza kanjani amabhethri esimo esiqinile?
Amabhethri esimo esiqinile asebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile esikhundleni se-electrolyte ewuketshezi ukuze adlulisele ama-ion phakathi kwama-electrode (i-anode ne-cathode) yebhethri. I-electrolyte ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-ceramic, ingilazi noma impahla ye-polymer eqinile ngamakhemikhali futhi i-conductive.
Uma ibhethri lesimo esiqinile lishajwa, ama-electron akhishwa ku-cathode futhi ahanjiswe nge-electrolyte eqinile aye ku-anode, okudala ukugeleza kwamandla. Lapho ibhethri likhishwa, ukugeleza kwamandla kuyahlehla, nama-electron asuka ku-anode aye ku-cathode.
Amabhethri esimo esiqinile anezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwamabhethri endabuko. Aphephile, njengoba i-electrolyte eqinile ijwayele ukuvuza noma ukuqhuma kunama-electrolyte awuketshezi. Futhi banokuningi kwamandla aphezulu, okusho ukuthi bangagcina amandla engeziwe ngevolumu encane.
Kodwa-ke, kusenezinselelo ezithile ezisadinga ukubhekwana nazo ngamabhethri aqinile, okuhlanganisa nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza namandla alinganiselwe. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokuthuthukisa izinto ezingcono eziqinile ze-electrolyte futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nempilo yamabhethri e-solid-state.
Zingaki izinkampani zamabhethri esimo esiqinile manje ezimakethe?
Kunezinkampani ezimbalwa okwamanje ezakha amabhethri esimo esiqinile:
1. I-Quantum Scape:Isiqalo esasungulwa ngo-2010 esihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwaVolkswagen noBill Gates. Bathi benze ibhethri lesimo esiqinile elingakhuphula ibanga lemoto kagesi ngaphezu kuka-80%.
2. Toyota:I-automaker yaseJapan ibisebenza ngamabhethri esimo esiqinile iminyaka eminingana futhi ihlose ukuthi abe esekhiqizwa ekuqaleni kwawo-2020.
3. I-Fisker:Ukuqaliswa kwezimoto zikagesi zikanokusho ezisebenzisana nabacwaningi e-UCLA ukuze bakhe amabhethri esimo esiqinile abathi azokwandisa kakhulu ububanzi bezimoto zabo.
4. BMW:I-automaker yaseJalimane nayo isebenza ngamabhethri esimo esiqinile futhi ibambisene ne-Solid Power, isiqalo esisekelwe e-Colorado, ukuze siwathuthukise.
5. I-Samsung:Isikhondlakhondla se-electronics yase-Korea sakha amabhethri esimo esiqinile ukuze asetshenziswe kuma-smartphone nezinye izinto zikagesi.
Uma amabhethri esimo esiqinile azosetshenziswa endaweni yokugcina ilanga esikhathini esizayo?
Amabhethri esimo esiqinile anamandla okuguqula isitoreji samandla kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zelanga. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko, amabhethri esimo esiqinile anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha, nokuphepha okukhulisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni zokugcina ilanga kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele, kunciphise izindleko, futhi kwenze amandla avuselelekayo afinyeleleke kalula. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kubuchwepheshe bebhethri yesimo esiqinile kuyaqhubeka, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lawa mabhethri angaba yisixazululo esijwayelekile sokugcinwa kwelanga ngokuzayo. Kodwa manje, amabhethri ombuso aqinile aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-EV.
AbakwaToyota bathuthukisa amabhethri ombuso oqinile ngePrime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc., okuyibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe nePanasonic eliqale ukusebenza ngo-Ephreli 2020 futhi linabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-5,100, okuhlanganisa nabangu-2,400 2,400 enkampanini engaphansi kwaseShayina kodwa abasakhiqiza okulinganiselwe manje nethemba. ukwabelana okwengeziwe ngo-2025 uma isikhathi sesilungile.
Azotholakala nini amabhethri esimo esiqinile?
Asikwazi ukufinyelela izindaba zakamuva nezibuyekezo mayelana nokutholakala kwamabhethri e-solid-state. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani ezimbalwa zisebenzela ukuthuthukisa amabhethri e-solid-state, kanti ezinye zimemezele ukuthi zihlela ukuwethula ngo-2025 noma kamuva. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umugqa wesikhathi wokutholakala kwamabhethri e-solid-state ungase uhluke kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengezinselele zobuchwepheshe nokugunyazwa ngokomthetho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2023