Iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo luhlobo lwebhetri esebenzisa i-electrode eqinileyo kunye ne-electrolytes, ngokuchasene nolwelo okanye i-polymer gel electrolytes esetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zendabuko. Banoxinzelelo olukhulu lwamandla, amaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zesiqhelo.
Ngaba iibhetri zesimo esiqinileyo zisebenzisa i-lithium?
Ewe, ngoku uninzi lweebhetri zombuso oqinileyo okwangoku ziphantsi kophuhliso zisebenzisa i-lithium njengeyona nto iphambili.
Ngokuqinisekileyo iibhetri ze-Solid-state zinokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo njenge-electrolyte, kuquka i-lithium. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo zinokusebenzisa ezinye izinto ezinjengesodium, isulfure, okanye iiseramics njenge-electrolyte.
Ngokubanzi, ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokusebenza, ukhuseleko, iindleko, kunye nokufumaneka. Ibhetri ye-lithium yelizwe eliqinileyo bubuchwephesha obuthembisayo bokugcinwa kwamandla kwisizukulwana esilandelayo ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ubomi bomjikelezo omde, kunye nokhuseleko olongeziweyo.
Zisebenza njani iibhetri zesimo esiqinileyo?
Iibhetri ezikwimeko eqinileyo zisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo endaweni ye-electrolyte engamanzi ukuhambisa ii-ion phakathi kwee-electrode (i-anode kunye ne-cathode) yebhetri. I-electrolyte ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-ceramic, iglasi okanye i-polymer imathiriyeli enekhemikhali ezinzileyo kunye ne-conductive.
Xa ibhetri yesimo esiqinileyo ihlawuliswa, ii-electron zitsalwa kwi-cathode kwaye zihanjiswe nge-electrolyte eqinile ukuya kwi-anode, idala ukuhamba kwangoku. Xa ibhetri ikhutshwa, ukuhamba kwangoku kuya kuguqulwa, kunye nee-electron ezihamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode.
Iibhetri ezikwimeko eqinileyo zineengenelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kweebhetri zemveli. Zikhuselekile, njengoko i-electrolyte eyomeleleyo ithanda ukuvuza okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo kunee-electrolyte ezingamanzi. Bakwanayo noxinano lwamandla aphezulu, okuthetha ukuba banokugcina amandla amaninzi kumthamo omncinci.
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho imingeni efuna ukulungiswa ngeebhetri zombuso oqinileyo, kubandakanywa iindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa kunye nomthamo olinganiselweyo. Uphando luyaqhubeka ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezingcono ze-electrolyte kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobomi beebhetri ze-slid-state.
Zingaphi iinkampani zeebhetri zombuso oqinileyo ngoku kwimarike?
Kukho iinkampani ezininzi eziphuhlisa iibhetri eziqinileyo ngoku:
1. I-Quantum Scape:Isiqalo esasungulwa ngo-2010 esitsale utyalo-mali oluvela kwiVolkswagen kunye neBill Gates. Babanga ukuba baphuhlise ibhetri yelizwe eliqinileyo elinokunyusa uluhlu lwesithuthi sombane ngaphezu kwe-80%.
2. IToyota:I-automaker yaseJapan ibisebenza kwiibhetri zesimo esomeleleyo iminyaka eliqela kwaye ijolise ekubeni zibe nemveliso ekuqaleni koo-2020.
3. Fisker:Ukuqaliswa kwesithuthi sombane esinexabiso eliphezulu esisebenzisana nabaphandi base-UCLA ukuphuhlisa iibhetri zesimo esiqinileyo abathi ziya kwandisa kakhulu uluhlu lwezithuthi zabo.
4. BMW:I-automaker yaseJamani iphinda isebenze kwiibhetri zombuso oqinileyo kwaye ibambisene neSolid Power, isiqalo esekwe eColorado, ukuze baphuhlise.
5. I-Samsung:Isigebenga sombane saseKorea siphuhlisa iibhetri zelizwe ezomeleleyo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwii-smartphones kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
Ukuba iibhetri zesimo esiqinileyo ziya kufakwa kwindawo yokugcina ilanga kwixesha elizayo?
Iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo zinamandla okuguqula ugcino lwamandla osetyenziso lwelanga. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli, iibhetri ezikwimeko eqinileyo zibonelela ngamandla axineneyo, amaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokhuseleko olongeziweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwiinkqubo zokugcina ilanga kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwenza amandla avuselelekayo afikeleleke ngakumbi. Uphando kunye nophuhliso kwitekhnoloji yebhetri yesimo esiqinileyo iyaqhubeka, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi bhetri zinokuba sisisombululo esiqhelekileyo sokugcinwa kwelanga kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa ngoku, iibhetri zesimo esomeleleyo zenzelwe usetyenziso lwe-EV.
IToyota iphuhlisa iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo ngePrime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc., intsebenziswano nePanasonic eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-Epreli ka-2020 kwaye inabasebenzi abamalunga nama-5,100, kuquka nama-2,400 2,400 kwinkampani encedisayo yaseTshayina kodwa isenemveliso enyiniweyo ngoku kunye nethemba. ukwabelana ngakumbi ngo-2025 xa ixesha lilungile.
Ziya kufumaneka nini iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo?
Asikwazi ukufikelela kwiindaba zamva nje kunye nohlaziyo malunga nokufumaneka kweebhetri zombuso oqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani ezininzi zisebenza ekuphuhliseni iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo, kwaye ezinye zibhengeze ukuba ziceba ukuzisungula ngo-2025 okanye kamva. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umda wexesha lokufumaneka kweebhetri zombuso oqinileyo unokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nemiceli mngeni yetekhnoloji kunye nolwamkelo lolawulo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-03-2023