NgoMeyi 14, 2024, ngexesha lase-US - I-White House e-United States ikhuphe ingxelo, apho uMongameli uJoe Biden wayalela i-Ofisi yoMmeli wezoRhwebo wase-US ukuba inyuse irhafu kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zelanga zaseTshayina phantsi kweCandelo 301 loMthetho woRhwebo. 1974 ukusuka kwi-25% ukuya kwi-50%.
Ngokuhambelana nalo myalelo, uMongameli wase-US uJoe Biden ubhengeze ngoLwesibini izicwangciso zakhe zokunyanzelisa ukonyuka okukhulu kweerhafu.Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zaseTshayinakunye nokwazisa iirhafu ezintsha kwiitshiphu zekhompyuter, iiseli zelanga, kunye nezithuthi zombane (EVs) njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sakhe sokukhusela abasebenzi baseMelika kunye namashishini. Phantsi kweCandelo lama-301, uMmeli woRhwebo uyalelwe ukuba anyuse imirhumo kwi-18 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zezinto ezithengwayo ezivela e-China.
Iintlawulo kwii-EVs, intsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam evela kwamanye amazwe kunye neeseli zelanga ziya kusebenza kulo nyaka; ngelixa ezo zikwiichips zekhompyuter ziya kuqala ukusebenza kulo nyaka uzayo. Iibhetri zezithuthi zeLithium-ion ezingezizo zombane ziya kuqala ukusebenza ngo-2026.
Ngokukodwa, ireyithi yentlawulo yeIibhetri ze-lithium-ion zaseTshayina(kungekhona kwii-EVs) ziya kunyuswa ukusuka kwi-7.5% ukuya kwi-25%, ngelixa izithuthi zombane (EVs) ziya kujongana nesantya esiphindwe kane kwi-100%. Ixabiso lentlawulo kwiiSolar cells kunye nesemiconductor liya kufakwa kwi-50% yoluhlu lwerhafu - kabini umlinganiselo wangoku. Ukongeza, iireyithi ezithile zentsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam ziya kunyuka nge-25%, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kwinqanaba langoku.
Nantsi imirhumo yamva nje yase-US kwimpahla yaseTshayina:
| Imirhumo yase-US kuluhlu lweeMpahla zaseTshayina(2024-05-14,US) | ||
| Imveliso | Umrhumo wokuqala | UMrhumo omtsha |
| Iibhetri zezithuthi zeLithium-ion ezingezizo zombane | 7.5% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2026 |
| Iibhetri zemoto zombane zeLithium-ion | 7.5% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2024 |
| Iindawo zebhetri (iibhetri ezingezizo-lithium-ion) | 7.5% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2024 |
| Iiseli zelanga (nokuba zidityanisiwe okanye azidityaniswanga kwiimodyuli) | 25.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-50% ngo-2024 |
| Iimveliso zentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium | 0-7.5% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2024 |
| Ngenqanawa ukuya kwiikhreyini zaselunxwemeni | 0.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2024 |
| Iisemiconductors | 25.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-50% ngo-2025 |
| Izithuthi zombane | 25.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kwi-100% ngo-2024 |
| Iimagnethi ezisisigxina zeebhetri ze-EV | 0.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2026 |
| Igraphite yendalo yeebhetri ze-EV | 0.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2026 |
| Ezinye iiminerali ezibalulekileyo | 0.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2024 |
| Iimveliso zonyango: iiglavu zerabha zonyango kunye notyando | 7.5% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2026 |
| Iimveliso zonyango: ezinye izixhobo zokuphefumla kunye neemaski zobuso | 0-7.5% | Iinyuse izinga ukuya kuma-25% ngo-2024 |
| Iimveliso zonyango: iisirinji kunye neenaliti | 0.0% | Ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-50% ngo-2024 |
Icandelo 301 loPhando malungaibhetri yelangaamaxabiso aveza omabini amathuba kunye nemingeni kuphuhliso lweshishini lokugcina ibhetri lamandla elanga laseMelika. Ngelixa inokuthi ikhuthaze ukwenziwa komsebenzi welanga kunye nengqesho yasekhaya, inokuba neziphumo ezibi kuqoqosho lwehlabathi nakurhwebo.
Ukongeza kwizithintelo zorhwebo, ulawulo lwe-Biden luphinde lucebise inkuthazo - uMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso (i-IRA) yophuhliso lwelanga ngo-2022. Yayilinyathelo elilungileyo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokukhuthaza amandla acocekileyo elizweni, okuphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo ekuhlaziyweni kwayo. inkqubo yophuhliso lwamandla.
Umthetho oyilwayo we-369 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ubandakanya inkxaso-mali kuzo zozibini ezi mfuno zecala kunye necala lonikezelo lwamandla elanga. Kwicala lemfuno, kukho iikhredithi zerhafu yotyalo-mali (i-ITC) efumanekayo ukuxhasa iindleko zokuqala zeprojekthi kunye neekhredithi zerhafu yemveliso (PTC) ngokusekelwe kumbane wokwenene. Ezi khredithi zinokunyuswa ngokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzi, iimfuno zemveliso yase-US, kunye nezinye iimeko eziphambili. Kwicala lonikezelo, kukho iikhredithi zeprojekthi yamandla ahambele phambili (48C ITC) kulwakhiwo lwezibonelelo kunye neendleko zezixhobo, kunye neekhredithi zemveliso ephucukileyo (45X MPTC) edityaniswe imithamo yokuthengiswa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olunikiweyo, amaxabiso kwiibhetri ye-lithium ion yokugcina ilangaayiyi kuphunyezwa kude kube ngu-2026, ukuvumela ixesha lotshintsho. Oku kunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokungenisa iibhetri ze-lithium ion zelanga kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo welanga we-IRA. Ukuba ungumthengisi webhetri yelanga, umthengisi, okanye umthengisi, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe eli thuba ngoku. Ukuthenga iindleko-UL eqinisekisiweyo iibhetri lithium elanga, nceda uqhagamshelane YouthPOWER iqela lokuthengisa kwisales@youth-power.net.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-16-2024